How did "be like"+meme become popular?

I am a Chinese student who studies linguistics. My BA thesis is about the usage of "be like" (non-finite form of "be") followed by a meme. E.g.,

(image source)

such "be like" structure is used commonly between Chinese young people, too. I have seen some relevant discussions in this website, and I know the "be" here has something to do with AAE (American African English). But I wonder how does this usage become popular——I mean, the invibrant "be like" is used before a meme, while finite "is/was like" and so on are more commonly used as quotative markers. Or, can "be like" replace "is/was" like in spoken English? Does that happen in daily conversation? I am searching for papers about it, only to find them scarce. I will be delighted if you can give me some help.

Here’s the short map before we stroll: there are two different “be like”s.

1. The everyday quotative: I was like “no way.”.
2. The meme template: _ be like: [text/image] (“__ typically reacts like this”).

They look similar; they aren’t the same thing.

Origin and meaning of "__ be like"

In __ be like, the be is the invariant/habitual be familiar from African American English (AAE): it marks something that’s characteristic or usual, not something happening right now. So “Boys be like: 🙄” ≈ “Boys typically act like this.” The like part does what it’s always done: it introduces a depiction—a caption, a quote, a face, a sound effect, a gif of someone collapsing on a couch. Together, this template combines generic stereotype with a performed reaction into a tiny frame, which is why it’s so memeable. For the habitual be, see clear descriptions in Green (2002) and the Yale Grammatical Diversity Project.

Online, the template takes off in U.S. social media in the early-to-mid-2010s with phrasings like “Bitches be like …” and related snowclones, then generalizes to boys/girls/dudes/teachers/parents be like … and a thousand offshoots (“Evil __ be like …,” etc.). “Know Your Meme” entries aren’t linguistics journals, but they’re solid for timestamps and exemplars.

Meanwhile, in spoken English… a separate construction had already gone mainstream: the quotative be like—I’m like “wow,” she was like “nope.” This has been on the rise since the late 1980s and is now a go-to way of reporting (approximate) speech, thought, and gesture in many Englishes. Foundational studies chart the change and who uses it when; the headline finding is simple: quotative be like outcompetes old standbys like say for younger speakers.

So, can be like replace is/was? Not as a general copula. It works in two ways:

• Quotative—speech/thought reporting. Here be like absolutely “replaces” say/said in real-life conversation: I was like “no way” is modern, ordinary English across North America and beyond.
• Habitual—the meme template. In AAE, invariant be is a grammatical marker of habitual/generic aspect (They be late = they’re late as a rule). Pair that be with like (for depiction), and you get the meme semantics exactly. Outside AAE, many people use __ be like in writing as a borrowed template even if their spoken grammar doesn’t have habitual be.

Understanding the meme

• “Teachers be like: ‘No phones’ ” → “Teachers typically say ‘No phones.’”
• “Gamers be like: [controller-smash gif]” → “Gamers usually react like this.”
• “My cat be like: [photo of dignified loaf]” → “My cat characteristically does this.”

Habitual reading is the point; it’s why is/was like would undershoot the meme’s meaning by sounding too one-off.

Why it spread so easily

It’s a snowclone—a reusable phrasal mold with slots (__ and the depiction after like). Snowclones travel well: they’re short, expressive, and feel “plug-and-play,” so they jump communities and even languages (often via calque). The internet supplied the accelerant; AAE supplied a compact, semantically rich backbone. (For the sociolinguistic backstory on quotatives and diffusion, see Blyth et al. 1990; Tagliamonte & D’Arcy 2007; for a myth-busting tour of like, see D’Arcy 2007.)

In speech, be like is your modern quotative. In memes, __ be like is a tidy way to say “__ as a rule acts like this—here, let me show you.” Both are standard in their lanes; don’t swap one in for the other unless you want to change the meaning (or the vibe).

References:

1. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/african-american-english/1AE59657F9CF1BBC3A2BF2B9BB29D1D0 "African American English"
2. https://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/invariant-be "Invariant be | Yale Grammatical Diversity Project"
3. https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/bitches-be-like "Bitches Be Like"
4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/455910.pdf "A New Quotative in American Oral Narrative"
5. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-variation-and-change/article/frequency-and-variation-in-the-community-grammar-tracking-a-new-change-through-the-generations/B73F4B47947060E262443579478A4E20 "Frequency and variation in the community grammar"
6. https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article-abstract/82/4/386/5802/LIKE-AND-LANGUAGE-IDEOLOGY-DISENTANGLING-FACT-FROM